About Sarah

I'm currently a Senior at Tufts University majoring in Computer Science and Environmental Studies. In my free time I enjoy running long distances and developing web applications.

Boston to give public housing an efficiency upgrade

Energy House Home Insulation by jinjaSi No more leaky toilets: The Boston Housing Authority plans to spend $63 million on energy-efficient retrofits of public housing, part of $238 million worth of improvements for the city of Boston. The retrofits will take place in 13 public housing developments that range from Brighton to Charlestown. The goal of the retrofits will be to improve energy efficiency and save money over the long term. Planned improvements for the developments include:

  • more efficient LEDs and compact fluourescent lighting
  • cleaner natural gas burners to replace inefficient older boilers
  • low-flow toilets
  • improved heaters and thermostats
  • white reflecting roofs and solar panels to replace heat-absorbing tar roofs

Part of the energy-efficiency changes will involve public outreach, teaching public housing residents to conserve energy even though they do not pay utility bills.

Retrofitting buildings is a huge way to increase energy efficiency in an area. Buildings use 40 to 50 percent of the world’s energy, due to flaws like inefficient heating and cooling systems. These changes will not only benefit those living in public housing, but the investment will likely save money for the city in the long run and, of course, save water and energy.

UnexCITESing news for endangered species

Bluefin Tuna ban by John SherffiusPolar bears, bluefin tuna and shark species are among those who will receive no help as a result of the 15th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which has been taking place over the past week in Doha, Qatar. From March 13th to 25th the CoP addressed proposed regulations to restrict trade on the hides, parts, and meat of endangered species, and has unfortunately failed to protect many creatures in dire need.

Bans against fishing the Atlantic bluefin were turned down on Thursday. A staple of Japanese and Mediterranean food traditions, the bluefin tuna (of which there are three species) has been critically overfished. Conservationists cite the lack of a ban as a prime example of giving priority to commerce over conservation, and say that the vote “spells disaster for the bluefin’s survival.” With no fishing ban in place, the tuna has little chance to recover its numbers against current fishing practices. Some restaurants have taken the initiative to protect the tuna which remains on several seafood red lists by refusing to sell them. Consumers can do their part by not eating bluefin tuna themselves, and informing friends and family.

Polar bears also fared poorly in CITES voting. Not only are polar bears challenged by ice cap melt and other perils of global warming, but they are also up against commercial trade for their skins. Measures restricting trade in polar bear parts were turned down on Thursday, leaving the species to fend for themselves against hunting that still takes place legally in Greenland and Canada.

Measures to restrict trade in red and pink corals, mostly sold as decorative jewelry, were also voted down, giving the delicate, slow-growing corals no protection from high consumer demand. As with the bluefin tuna trade, this vote leaves jewelry retailers to take initiative on their own and protect species by not purchasing them.

Proposals to internationally monitor trade in endangered shark species were rejected. This leaves most endangered shark species such as the scalloped hammerhead, the oceanic white tip and the spiny dogfish to become victims of shark-fin soup. As a result of the vote, these species will have no export monitoring or trade bans. The votes did protect one species: the temperate zone porbeagle, normally fished for its meat.

Despite these disappointing outcomes, a couple of species will be protected as a result of the regulations passed. Proposals by Tanzania and Zimbabwe to allow trade in elephant hide and hair were rejected. This will enable continued work to control elephant poaching, while Zimbabwe and other South African countries will still have the rights to sell their current ivory stockpiles.

Beleaguered tigers also fared fairly well, with votes going to share intelligence internationally to expose criminal trading practices, and to the creation of a database to monitor illegal trade in tiger and leopard parts. However, neither of these provisions will effectively stop the poachers who have long been selling tiger parts for medicinal, religious and decorative purposes.

Will this be the last year of the tiger?

Swimming tiger by Tambako the Jaguar The critically endangered tiger could soon join the dragon as a zodiac creature that exists only in legend. The Chinese lunar calendar year known as the Year of the Tiger began on February 14th with only 3200 tigers left in the wild.

This number is down from 100,000 wild tigers in the year 1900. Current estimates say that China, where tigers originated from, has only 50 wild tigers remaining. However, international conservation groups are using the year designation to their advantage and planning to work together to restore tiger numbers, with a goal of doubling current numbers by 2022 through captive breeding, reserves and anti-poaching programs.

To mark the start of the Year of the Tiger, the Nepalese government expanded their Bardia National Park by 347 square miles to increase wild tiger habitat. While this marks a small improvement in the wild tigers’ range, the species still faces persecution both in Asia and the United States, as shown in a recent World Wildlife Fund map. Tigers in Asia are under threat of poaching as a result of folk medicine traditions and demand for meat and skins.

However, the United States is also responsible for many tigers held in captivity. In the US, tigers are even being bred in puppy mill-like facilities to meet demand for private ownership and meat. 26 states outlaw the private ownership of tigers, but nine states have no regulations. Texas has poorly-enforced regulations on tiger ownership, and has the highest number of captive tigers in the US. Current estimates show that the US has a total of over 5,000 tigers in captivity, even more than exist in the wild.

Many US states certainly need more stringent policies on tiger ownership if this species is to be restored. However, there is still hope for tiger populations to flourish once more in Asia. Through the Endangered Species Act and well-designed policies officials have been able to restore bison and gray wolf populations from severely low numbers. With careful planning, collaboration and crackdowns on exploitation in countries within the the tiger’s range, Tigger’s cousins may yet roam free when next Year of the Tiger comes 12 years from now.

How accurate is your “green perception”?

Trucost perception graph snapshotNew Scientist report highlights the dramatic differences between consumers’ perception of a company’s “greenness” and reality.

New Scientist investigated consumer perception via a 2008 Earthsense survey of consumer ratings, and compared those numbers to each company’s Trucost score, the estimated cost of its environmental impact as a percentage of its annual revenue. The resulting infographic is striking: you can see a clear divide between consumer perception and real performance of certain companies.

A few examples which standout are potentially perceived as being greener than they are Discovery Communications, whose environment-focused television programming probably influences consumer opinions, and Whole Foods Market, although the article defends them by pointing out that they haven’t yet released all of their emissions data.

On the flip side, some companies rated by consumers as not being environmentally friendly actually have higher green ratings. Ebay, Nike, and brewer SABMiller were three business that scored relatively high environmental ratings in their respective sectors, but consumer rankings show that they do not project their performance to the public well. Some, such as Nike, nay still be suffering from the bad PR they suffered in the ’90s.

Electronics recycling: safely and ethically

Slate Magazine’s recent Green Lantern article responds to a question I’ve often faced as a college student living in an electronics-centric world: How can I safely and ethically recycle my old electronics?

According to the article, the Basel Action Network estimates that 80 percent of “e-waste” collected for recycling in the U.S. is actually shipped to developing countries such as China or Africa. Most of this waste ends up in informal salvage yards, where workers use methods like acid application and incineration to obtain metals and other useful components of the electronics.

The first goal of an environmentally-minded electronics consumer should be to start with long-lasting items that can be repaired. Unfortunately, it is more than likely that new computer parts, appliances, music players and mobile phones will eventually require replacement.

Many electronics manufacturers such as Apple and Dell now have recycling programs in place for their own products. Some stores such as Staples and Best Buy also have comprehensive recycling programs.

Ebay, Half.com, and Amazon.com are great for selling items that are still in working order.

Local venues such as Craigslist and Freecycle are great means of passing old electronics on to someone who can use them. I recently posted a broken electric kettle on the Craigslist “free” section, and not only did somebody take it for their own use, but I received two emails about how I could fix it myself! (Too bad that was after it had been picked up!)

The Cambridge DPW drop-off recycling program accepts reasonably-sized electronics, defined as “Anything with a cord or battery operated electronic that one person can lift.” They also wipe information from computers that they salvage, so data theft from recycled hard drives is not a problem. However, they do not accept larger items like TV’s, computer monitors, or industrial items.

For even more electronics recycling options, the Slate article links to a list of nationwide “E-Stewards” who have pledged to meet rigorous sustainability and socially just electronics recycling criteria.

The E-Stewards listed for Massachusetts are Electronic Recyclers International, Inc. who have a recycling center located in Gardner, Mass, and Metech International, Inc., aka Guaranteed Recycling Xperts (GRX) , with a center in Worcester. These centers recycle a variety of computer and electronics equipment and pledge not to export items to other nations.